Cultivation processes & Production

FARMING PROCESS - PRODUCTION

 

I. INTRODUCTION:

Sustainable agriculture production in the ecosystem balance and stability to develop organic agriculture. Coordinating organic agriculture techniques with advances in breeding, chemistry, biotechnology, mechanization etc ... selectively draw the advantages and overcome the disadvantages of farming.

 

The choice of cultivation method according to economic needs, local circumstances, needs life, first point is how the level of environmental safety, safety of production left.

 

To meet the needs of scientific farming as physiological needs and ecological grapefruit tree grown in soil blue gray alluvium achieve highest quality and appropriate production and consumer tastes for export demand.

 

II. SOIL GROWING - farming

 

   1. LAND VARIETIES:

Acrisols: Haplic - Acrisol (Ach) is developed on the ancient alluvial, acid magma stone and sandstone. Land with a motorized light density ¼ cm3, the ratio of 200cm3, 45% porosity, field capacity moisture 35%, 6% moisture wither. Effective water: 22%, surface water permeability: 65m/m/gio. Soil depth: 30 m / m / hr.

 

Reaction slightly acidic soil pH (KCL) poor 5.7 contain soluble cation exchange, it baze level and low-volume absorption. Humus content of poor farming land front, after 6 years of wealth, creating good nutrition, improved by cultivation, fertilizer source of chicken manure, dung, fish distribution, distributed communion, um husk chicks. Resolution level of the organic strength (C / N <10).

 

The quality of primary and easy targets poor, by improving farming more sources manure (chicken) and terrestrial ecosystems gradual recovery.

Acrisols disadvantage is dehydrated quickly, but also quick drainage, acidic nutrient-poor, often stricken by drought, lack of water, heated roots. Strongly eroded.

Topography by, ventilation, drainage fast, light soil to plow hoes, hoeing, easy cultivation.

Suitable for a variety of crops (except rice)

 

   2. Transportation:

Farming area close to the rural front line. From Ben Cat to go north about 7 km. Easy means of transportation.

There is also going through Tay Ninh - Binh Long, Binh Phuoc.

 

   3. CLIMATE:

Rainy season:

- The climate is tropical monsoon. There are two seasons: rainy and dry season markedly. Rainy season from May to November, dry season from November to April next year.

- Average annual rainfall: 2353m / m, the highest 2800m / m, the lowest 1974m / m

- In number of rainy days: 150-160 days. Rainy season from May to November accounted for 90% of annual rainfall. May have the most rainfall: in September.

 

Weather:

- From 11 months to 4 years later.

- Sunny to lack of water plants, heating plant roots ground floor, thrips and red spiders cause severe damage in the dry season.

 

   4. TEMPERATURE:

The average temperatures of 26oC difference month: 2 ° C

- The hottest month: April High Low 37oC 16oC

- The highest temperature during the day from 13-14 hours of the day

- The minutes of the day and night temperatures from-11oC 9oC

- Rainy season: 7 - 8oC

- December 11-12 and January relatively cold

 

   5. WIND: a. Winter wind - b. Summer Wind

- Winter winds are northerly and north-east: in November

- Wind Summer: May to October mainly southeast

- From September 6 to October southwest wind

- March 10: Southwest winds down

- Average wind speed: 1 m / s. Storms and high winds occur less

 

   6. Evaporation:

- Average: 1477m / m

- Rainy season: 60-80m / m

- Dry season: up: 120-180m / m

- May have large amount of evaporation: March (210m / m)

 

   7. UTILIZATION:

- The total number of hours of sunshine per year: 2300-2500 hours

- Average number of hours of sunshine per day during the year: 6.7 hours

- May have the highest sunshine hours: in January (9.5 hours)

- May have the lowest sunshine hours per day: July (3.6 - 4h)

- This region has abundant radiation

- Morning, afternoon: the limited light of the rubber tree planting surrounding the borders of households.

 

   8. WATER-OFFICE:

Ground water: there are two complex water

   1. Agriculture aquifer: 8-20m

Flow: up to 1.3 s 1s

   2. Groundwater depth of 40m-80m

Flow: 1,5 s to 2.5 s: H2O pH: 5.5-5.8 not sour, not salty.

Abundance of water all year round

Better service for irrigation and for activities that do not filter sediment.

 

Farming techniques

§ The land is to protect the surrounding

Cay § 3 floor pan for improved farming

Cay § 3 the 2nd pan

Cay § 3 to 7 th to the pan with the ground

§ banned cell division, the gap

§ pit: 40 deep division

§ hole distance: 4m x 6m

§ Between each planting hole cents a mangosteen tree

 

Fertilization:

Fertilizer liners. Fertilizer per hole

- Liming each hole: 1 kg (fertilizer before planting 15-20 days)

When planting:

- ½ bucket of manure was handed

- 300g nearby Van Dien

- 200g of NPK 20. 20. 15

- ½ teaspoon 3H Furadan

- ½ teaspoon Mocab 10H

1 cup Communion meal distribution

Tillers, were disturbed after 15 days cultivation

 

TREE PLANTING:

- Plant: Grapefruit blue

- Origin: Ben Tre Cho Lach

- Features like: extracting stem

- Nursery of the vote, after 3-4 months of planting offers

- Planting trees in the election, horizontal surface soil, fill compressed, orange trees. The next morning watering.

- Cam denied

 

DUTIES planted trees:

First year:

 

Chicken manure compost fertilizer industry with lime (the ratio of 1 / 10). (9 +1 bag coated with chicken)

Three months ended 1 times. Fertilizer around the base, hoeing hoes filled distribution

 

Second year:

- Application of the same as year 1, but the number increased by more than 1 / 3 of the first year

- Four times 2 and 3 were increased four times for each age of the plant fertilizer for absorption. But early last season and each season more fertilizer origin: NPK 20:20:15 (100g)

 

The third year: Four two times. Early rain and late rain

- Fertilization brewing industry handles chicken cages

- Each of the original: 2 cover

- NPK 20:20:15 (200g)

- Lan Literature Dictionary: 1kg

- Distribution of fish: ½ can of milk containing 20 liters of water / root

 

Fourth year:

- Industrial Distribution chickens incubated with straps: 2 cover

- Finland Van Power: 2kg

- NPK 20:20:15: 300g

- Distribution of fish: 1lon milk containing 20 liters of water / root

 

In Thursday: Four two times. Beginning and end of rainy season

- Sub-lime chicken compost industrial straps: 3 How

- Finland Van Dien: 2kg

- NPK 20:20:15: 400g

- Potassium chloride: 100g

(1 month ago Liming / root: 3 kg)

 

Friday Five: Four two times. First rains, late rains

- Sub-lime chicken compost industrial straps: 3 How

- Lan Van Dien: 3kg

- NPK 15:15:15: 500g

- Potassium chloride: 200g

- Distribution of fish soaked in water: mixed with 20 liters of water: 2 cans

 

In Saturday:

- Chicken manure compost with lime straps: 3 How

- Finland Van Dien: 3kg

- NPK 15:15:15: 500g

- Distribution of water soaked the fish / water phase 20l: 2 cans

- Potassium chloride: 300g

 

CARE:

- Click the flame to spread young plants more often to the secondary branches, to yield the following

- Track status to plants for production-oriented, deep monitoring, pest and take measures to prevent any effective

 

Water:

Irrigated land, with plastic pipe line, pump water from underground wells to each original.

      In addition to irrigation water provides over 30 meters with a pipe valve 34ly to wash the leaves, dirt, insects, aphids, red spider, thrips. Leaves open air for enhanced photosynthetic plants, add water to the plant

      When it stopped raining just started watering in dry season. Moisture for irrigation farming

      Rainy season as well as limited alternate irrigation. Since water is an important factor in the dry season and rainy season

      Often irrigated from 11 months to 4 years following. A huge amount of water demand and diesel fuel price.

      Research in the letter, she has sold in the middle of grapefruit, the grass grows everyday leaving out the root surface of 1.50 meters to take care

      Water balance in the water in the machine to thrust, to increase the amount of irrigation water, lightly push down the fuel pump.

 

Weeding:

In the young plants, each plant also between large spaces. Therefore intercropping elected, loofah squash, black beans between rows to reduce weeds and create eco-ground, with revenues paid to workers in part. More help soil nutrients, soil porous.

- Weeding by hand

- Removal of grass with herbicide Glyphosate when the grass is too much 41SP

- The years following incubation often um chicken rice husk, chicken manure fertilizer is more husk, spread column descending amount of grass cover

- Earthworms now well developed. Weeds remain substantial, while pigs grass, grass to keep the ecological characteristics cleared the ground for the sunny season

 

Pruning:

- Create a small tree as often, after each burning leaves completeness, to increase the number of secondary branches of trees, but more low foliage, to increase the coefficient on the left

- Need to continue throughout the plant cycle

- When the tree tops left click shoots

 

| Note:

- No pruning secondary body is left after the tree for this

- Column branch, friendly guy to the left or tet many branches of storm season, in the intensive farming of green grapefruit. It is a grapefruit-blue weaknesses

 

Pest control:

 

Red spider, thrips: Often causes severe dry season, affecting fruit quality, bud sank. Harmful objects throughout the year.

      Although very small but often very difficult to prevent antibiotic resistance

 

Germany leaves: (Deep drawing charms)

- Insect damage only fresh young leaves

- Also the old leaves little damage

 

INSECT AND DISEASE:

   1. Insects:

1 / Deep draw spells (Germany leaves)

- Causing damage often leaves year-round after each new leaves start

- Permanent prevention by garlic oil 200g Petronlux +

(Phase 200L of water + an adhesive) to prevent and repel insects

 

     2 / Deep Blue:

            Vandalism leaves, but not significant amounts, easy to prevent objects

 

     3 / Thrips and Spider Red

Usually harmful in the dry season, causing damage throughout the year, are often difficult to see small eyes. Affect bud, fruit quality (fruit orange) lost commercial value. This species is picky preventive subtraction, high drug resistance.

- Taking advantage of the reproductive characteristics of damage

- At an early morning fog also move them at: Early spraying

- There are many layers of wax: Use an adhesive

- Fountains with garlic: Quality Phetoncide to avoid insects (200 liters of water + 200g fresh garlic juice with water) to coordinate prevention.

 

   2. TREATMENT ROOM:

- Use of fresh garlic

- My washing liquid is good to prevent aphid

- Spray 1.8 Vectimex

- No time left: 25 EC Cyrin drug use. Daisies General Group Cypermethrine

 

   3. Diseases:

- Pink disease fungus

- Scabies (ulcers)

- Rough Scabies

- Stem rot disease (fungal Phytophtora)

Often harmful at a time, especially in the rainy season, markedly reduced productivity, especially in left colon quality.

 

| More harmful drugs when the new intervention.

Drug use:

§ Validamycin 5SC

WP § 72 Rhidomil

§ Topsin M70 WP

Carbendazim SC 50 § group

Benomyl 50 WP §

§ Bellat C

 

HARVEST - PACKING - STORAGE

Polishing:

- Ra cotton season

- Ra odd method of cotton leaves.